Researchers at Harbin Institute of Technology have unveiled a multifunctional frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) LiDAR system that can simultaneously perform high-precision 3D imaging and multi-parameter sensing. This innovation, published in Light: Science & Applications, addresses a critical gap in autonomous driving and new energy vehicle safety by integrating imaging and environmental monitoring into a single device.
The system leverages the principles of FMCW LiDAR for free-space ranging and optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) for fiber-based sensing. By detecting echo signals from both free space and optical fiber, it can generate 3D images while measuring parameters such as temperature, gas concentration, and liquid density. In proof-of-concept experiments, the team imaged a target at 30 meters with adjustable resolution from 0.3 cm to 1.2 cm. Simultaneously, they measured battery electrolyte density and temperature with accuracies of 3×10⁻⁵ g/mL and 0.5°C, respectively. The system also detected gases like C₂H₂, CO₂, and CH₄ with detection limits of 0.07 ppm, 48 ppm, and 0.56 ppm, which are crucial for monitoring thermal runaway in batteries.
Traditional FMCW LiDAR systems are limited to 3D imaging, while separate sensors are needed for battery health and environmental monitoring. This increases system complexity, cost, and integration challenges. The new multifunctional LiDAR consolidates these functions, offering a more efficient solution for advanced driver-assistance systems and battery management. The technology could significantly improve the safety of electric vehicles by providing early warnings of battery thermal runaway, a major safety concern. It also holds potential for spacecraft applications, where multifunctional sensing is valuable.
Professor Yongkang Dong, who led the research, noted that the system can simultaneously realize key functions of autonomous driving and battery management with a single demodulator. The researchers anticipate widespread application in the new energy vehicle sector, offering an integrated solution to enhance safety. The study was supported by several Chinese research programs, including the National Key Research and Development Program and the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
This development marks a significant step forward in LiDAR technology, merging imaging and sensing capabilities in a way that could streamline vehicle perception systems and improve reliability.
