As winter storms approach, the American Heart Association is reminding the public that cold weather can pose significant risks to heart health. The organization, a global force in cardiovascular health, has released guidance on how to stay safe when temperatures drop.
Cold weather causes blood vessels to contract and coronary arteries to constrict, which can raise blood pressure and increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, or cardiac arrest. Strenuous activities in the cold add extra stress on the heart, which is already working harder to maintain body temperature. Hypothermia, a dangerous drop in internal body temperature, can also occur, with symptoms including lack of coordination, confusion, shivering, and sleepiness. People with existing heart disease may experience angina, or chest pain, in cold conditions. Additionally, cold and flu season often leads to use of over-the-counter medications, but some cold medicines can be harmful for those with high blood pressure; consulting a healthcare professional is advised.
To stay heart-healthy, the Association recommends dressing in layers to trap body heat and prevent hypothermia and frostbite. Wearing a hat or head scarf is crucial, as heat can be lost through the head. Hands, feet, and ears are particularly vulnerable and should be kept covered. When engaging in outdoor activities like walking through snow or shoveling, it's important to pace yourself, take breaks, and avoid overexertion. For shoveling, pushing or sweeping snow rather than lifting it reduces strain. Staying hydrated is essential even without feeling thirsty, and limiting alcohol intake is important because alcohol can create a false sense of warmth while the body is under stress. Comforting cold-weather drinks like pumpkin spice lattes and hot chocolate often contain added sugar and fat, so moderation is key.
Checking on elderly loved ones is critical, as they may have reduced ability to sense temperature and are at higher risk for hypothermia. The American Heart Association emphasizes knowing the warning signs of a heart attack and acting quickly—call 911 immediately if symptoms arise. In cases of cardiac arrest, Hands-Only CPR (calling 911 and pushing hard and fast in the center of the chest) can double or triple survival chances, especially since emergency response times may be slower in bad weather. More information is available at heart.org.
The American Heart Association continues to fund research and advocate for public health, providing critical resources to save lives affected by cardiovascular disease and stroke.
